历年雅思真题及答案解析雅思口语评分标准

作者：明绣
更新日期： 2021-03-12 23:03
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雅思考试历来都具有一定的难度，有很多考生考了第一次不满意，然后重考一次甚至第三次的，因为出国留学或出国深造需要一份英语能力证明，很多人便选择考雅思，可以看一下真题，比如2021雅思试卷真题和答案解析，雅思听力部分的话，可以选择平时多听英语新闻来提高听力，或者看些英语电影，雅思阅读部分的话，就平时多看一些英文文章，比如杂志啥的，小说也可，英语口语的话，就多练，可以找一个外教或者找一个外国朋友一起交流，下面就跟着小编一起来看一下历年雅思真题及答案解析吧。

一、历年雅思真题及答案解析

Talc Powder

A Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versat ility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.

B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group ( art of Rio Tinto minerals ) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We've been selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it's expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."

C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degre e in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it's non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.

D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talc's use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays it's more common to add water and ( K-6IH ) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be ) and bottled. "Difficult" olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.

E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talc's flat, 'platey' structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."

F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the sun's rays create.

G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin ( the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit ) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested. No-one's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."

H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.

Question 27-32

Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once.

A. Fruit protection

B. Chewing gum business

C. Olive oil extraction

27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.

28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.

29 Talc is employed as a filler of base.

30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.

31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.

32 Talc is used to increase production.

Questions 33-38

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.

Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about____33____years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amount of____34____because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factories release____35____, it could be____36____to the environment because it is hard to____37____and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size of oil____38____increased.

Question 39-40

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.

39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?

40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?

文章题目：滑石粉

篇章结构

体裁论说文

题目滑石粉

结构（一句话概括每段大意） A 段：滑石粉的主要用途 B 段：滑石粉在口香糖市场中的用途 C 段：滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理 D 段：滑石粉在其他食品中的应用 E 段：滑石粉在食品中的应用原理 F 段：滑石粉在水果保护中的应用 G 段：滑石粉对水果的保护作用原理 H 段：水果保护作用的市场拓展

试题分析

Question 27-32

题目类型：搭配题

解题思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三个选项中内容所对应的文段，然后从27-32中的题干去搜寻相符合的，而不是一个一个题目去找，这样会比较节省时间

题号定位词文中对应点题目解析

27 Increase，size， E 段第三句话根据文章大意将 C 选项个橄榄油提取的内容定位到 E 段，第三句话，提到滑石粉的结构有助于增加挥发油滴的体积，故可以判断 27 题与 C 相连

28 Foam D 段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到 D 段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。

29 Base，fill C 段倒数第 8 行根据关键词定位到 C 段原文 "our talc is used as a filler in the gum base"。故是关于口香糖行业的内容，选 B

30 Sun，fruit G 段第四句话根据 sunburn 这个词可以定位到 G 段，第四句表明滑石粉可以起到保护水果免受日晒的作用，故选 A

31 Sticking C 段比较后一句话根据 statement 中的 "stickness" 这个词可以定位到 C 段结尾部分，原文说滑石粉可以防止口香糖在挤压过程中与包装粘在一起，所以跟 statement 表述的意思是一致的

32 boost，amount E 段第一句话文章中提到可以 "boosts the amount of oil you can extract" 跟题干上表述一直

Question 33-38

题目类型：总结题

33 spanish olive oil D 段第二句话根据 spanish olive oil 定位到 D 段，文章提到橄榄油制造利用滑石粉已经二十年。

34 High amount of 根据关键词定位到 D 段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。所以填 "foam"

35 Factory D 段倒数第二句话根据关键词定位到 D 段结尾，原文提到 "waste water"

36 Environment D 段比较后一句话根据关键词定位到 D 段结尾，文中提到这种乳化油分解对环境的影响是 "harmful" 的

37 同上问 harmful 的原因。原文有明确提出，是由于 "hard to biodegrade"，难以生物降解

38 Size，increase 文章说到在橄榄油提取过程中，挥发的油滴体积会增加，"increase the size of the oil droplets"

Question 39-40

题目类型：问答题

39 Stickiness，chewing gun 题目中问到在哪一个过程中滑石粉是用于来减少口香糖粘度的，这个跟上面第 31 题比较近似，可以先定位到 C 段结尾，可看到文章中明确给出是 "during the lamination and packing process"

40 Invelop，long-term potential H 段倒数第二句 S 首先根据 "invelop" 定位到 H 段，题目问哪个组织的种植者是 invelop 打算长期去关注投资的，倒数第二句给出答案是 "grape grower"

参考答案：

Version 24109 主题滑石粉

27 C 28 29 B

30 A 31 32

33 20 34 foam 35 waste water

36 harmful 37 biodegrade 38 droplets

39 Lamination and packing 40 Grape growers

二、雅思口语评分标准

9分

Expert User. Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate,accurate and fluent with complete understanding.

成绩极佳，能将英语运用自如，精确、流利并能完全理解.

8分

Very Good User. Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well.

非常良好，能将英语运用自如，只是偶尔有不连接的错误和不恰当，在不熟悉的状况下可能出现误解，可将复杂细节的争论掌握的相当好.

7分

Good User. Has operational command of the language,though with occasional inaccuracies,inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning.

良好，有能力运用英语，虽然在某些情况有时会发生不准确、不适当和误解，大致可将复杂的英语掌握的不错，也理解其全部内容.

6分（澳大利亚移民&；英国留学分数线）

Competent User. Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies,inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly complex language,particularly in familiar situations.

及格，大致能有效的运用英语，虽然有不准确、不适当和误解发生，能使用并理解相当复杂的英语，特别是在熟悉的情况时.

5分（加拿大移民&；新西兰移民分数线）

Modest User. Has partial command of the language,coping with overall meaning in most situations,though is likely to make many mistakes.Should be able to handle basic communication in own field.

适当及格，可部分运用英语，在大多数情况下可应付全部的意思，虽然可能犯下许多错误，在本身领域内应可掌握基本的沟通.

4分(英国预科分数线）

Limited User. Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language.

水平有限，只限在熟悉的状况下有基本的理解力，在理解与表达上常发生问题，无法使用复杂英语.

3分

Extremely Limited User. Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur.

水平极有限，在极熟悉的情况下，只能进行一般的沟通理解.

2分

Intermittent User. No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English.

只属于偶尔使用英语，除非在熟悉的情况，使用单词和简短的短句表达最基本的信息，在说写方面有重大的障碍.

1分

Non User. Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words.

不能通过，可能只能说几个单词，无法沟通.

0分

Candidate diid not attempt the interview. No assessable information provided.考生没有参加考试，没有可评估的信息.

Listening & Reading有0.5分档次Writing & Speaking 只有整数档次

三、雅思七大阅读题型

1）填空题

2）选择题（一般有顺序）

3）判断题（True, False, Not given）

4）信息题（Which paragraph contains the following information?）

碰到信息题，要对自己的时间有点不一样的安排和调整。

5）配对题（Match each statement with the correct person/date etc.）

6）段落大意题（Choose the correct heading for each paragraph）

7）流程图、图表题

四、雅思口语快速提高方法

雅思口语找到一个专业的外教进行练习还是很有必要的。分享一下我在用的app：口语侠，可以随时和世界各地的Native Speaker进行一对一的口语对练，里面有很多专业的雅思外教可以选择，而且还有前雅思高级考官，强烈建议考试前跟雅思考官模拟测试一下。这个软件用起来就跟打微信语音／视频电话一样，质量很清晰。这个是最让我感到意外且性价比超级高的一个APP了。我长期练习的一个外教陪练是英国的Leila，她不仅口音纯正，而且人超级nice，她本人还是一个摄影师，我也经常跟她交流摄影方面的技巧。

下载注册口语侠app后，一定要输入我的推荐码：ZXN0GT，可以免费获得10分钟的练习时长。

不过大家在跟外国人练习雅思口语的时候，我有2个建议：1是提前准备一个话题，带着话题去跟他们练习能让你学到很多地道的表达；2.是不一定非要选择欧美的老外，像有些南非、菲律宾的也很专业，练习口语也不错。